Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of vicarious trauma?

A heightened sense of trust is indeed not a manifestation of vicarious trauma. Vicarious trauma occurs as a result of exposure to the traumatic experiences of others, often leading to emotional and psychological changes in individuals who help or support those who have suffered trauma. This can manifest as feelings of vulnerability, a changed worldview, and difficulty trusting others, as the experiences can disrupt the helper's sense of safety and security in their environment.

While vicarious trauma may lead to increased caution or distrust regarding others due to the trauma they witness or hear about, it does not foster a greater sense of trust. Instead, it tends to instill a sense of wariness or an altered perspective on interpersonal relationships. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing and addressing the impacts of vicarious trauma in professionals working in fields such as social work, counseling, or law enforcement.