Which of the following is NOT considered a protective factor?

Chronic illness in parents is not considered a protective factor because it is generally associated with challenges that can negatively impact a family's ability to provide a stable and supportive environment. While having a chronic illness can present difficulties in managing daily tasks, emotional support, and consistency in parenting, protective factors are typically attributes or conditions that foster resilience and well-being. In contrast, the other options listed—social emotional competence of children, parental resilience, and knowledge of parenting—are all elements that contribute positively to a child’s development, providing a solid foundation for healthy functioning in a family unit. These factors enable parents and children to effectively navigate stressors and create supportive relationships, thereby enhancing the child's overall quality of life.